八年级英语第一册模块11生活方式知识点归纳(外部研究版)

Module11 Way of life
Unit1 In China, we open a gift later.
1.It’s cool to wear a cap back-to-front.把鸭舌帽前后反过来戴很酷。
2.If she is interested in playing chess, it’s a good idea to choose a chess set as a present.   
3. We Chinese usually have meals with chopsticks/ while Westerners(西方人) use knives and forks for meals.
This pair of chopsticks is pretty nice.（谓语是由pair决定的）
A knife and fork ___ on the table now. （is）
a knife and fork 一副刀叉表示一个整体，用单数。
4.A bar of chocolate is a perfect choice for those who prefer(更喜欢) sweet food.
5.Students need to look up new words in dictionaries to improve their study.
6. Little babies would like to play with toys.
7. Video games are not popular with teenagers any longer now. 现在电子游戏不再受青少年欢迎了。
8. Here’s your gift.
Here’s the change(找头，零钱)/money.
Here are some flowers for you.
9. What a big surprise!   n.
1)in surprise “惊奇地”常位于动词之后作状语，表示方式。eg. John turned around and looked at me in surprise． 约翰转过身来，惊奇地望着我。
2)to one\’s surprise “使某人吃惊的是”、“出乎意料地”，常位于句首，作状语，表示行为的结果。
eg: To my surprise, the door was unlocked．使我吃惊的是，门没有锁。
surprised adj.人做主语,强调人的心理，“感到吃惊的”
surprising adj.物做主语或修饰物，“令人吃惊的”
试比较：a surprising look 一个令人吃惊的表情
a surprised look一个吃惊的表情
3)be surprised at 对……感到惊奇 表示某种情绪、心情的起因时，常用at…这一介词短语，表示“听到…”或“看到…而…”
eg:She was surprised at the news.
4)be surprised to do sth. 做某事感到惊讶
She was surprised to hear the news.
5)be surprised that + 从句
I was surprised that he died from an accident.
10.immediately=at once=right now=right away
an immediate reply 立即回复
11.You must use both of the hands to accept a present. (both这里是pron. 做宾语)
=You must accept a gift with both hands. (both这里是adj. 做形容语)
Both of them are married. (both这里是pron. 做主语)
Her parents are both doctors and they both work hard. They can both swim. (前一个both是adj. 做定语，后一个both是pron.做they的同位语)
( both/all和频度副词、also、probably的位置一样，放在实义动词前，情态动词、be动词或助动词后）
反义词 neither  两者都不
Neither of them is able to work out the math problem. (谓语用单数)
neither… nor… 既不…也不…
He can neither sing nor dance. (连接两个动词做谓语)
The weather in Kunming is neither too cold nor too hot all year around. (连接两个形容词做表语)  
Neither you nor I am a foreigner. (连接两个代词或名词做主语，谓语采用就近原则)
all反义词 none  三者及以上
12. I don’t think I should open it now. (否定前移)
我想我现在不应该打开它。
 I don’t believe he is telling the truth.
我认为他不是在说实话。
13.You needn’t wait. =You don’t need to wait.
Just wait and see! 到时候你就知道了。
 can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待干某事
He couldn’t wait to open the box.     
 can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁干某事
He couldn’t help laughing when he heard the joke.
14.The way of life in China is quite different from that in Britain.(与…截然不同)
There are many differences between the way of life in China and that in Britain.
15. pay attention to 注意，留心 (to是介词，后接名词、代词宾格或动名词)
We have paid much attention to health care in recent years.近年来，我们已经非常重视医疗保健了。
pay no/little attention to 对…不重视
You’d better pay more attention to taking good care of yourself.
16.be interested in (doing) sth
   be interested to do sth.
17. 区分for example, such as和like
for example一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。
(1) For example, air is invisible. (看不见的)
(2) He,for example,is a good student.
such as用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。
(3)Some of the European languages come from Latin，such as French，Italian and Spanish.
有些欧洲语言来源于拉丁语，例如，法语、意大利语和西班牙语。
(4) Boys such as John and James are very friendly. like也常用来表示举例，可与such as互换。但such as用于举例可以分开使用，此时不可与like互换。
(5)Some warm-blooded animals,like/such as the cat，the dog or the wolf，do not need to hibernate. 一些温血动物，像猫、狗和狼都不需要冬眠。
(6)He has several such reference books as dictionaries and handbooks. 他有几本像字典、手册之类的参考书。
18.You mustn’t do any cleaning or break anything on the first day of the Chinese New Year/ the Spring Festival because it means bad luck/ it’s unlucky.           
do some cleaning/washing/reading/shopping sightseeing/cooking    
19.You must use red paper for hongbao because it’s lucky/ red means good luck.                                     20.have one’s hair cut = have a haircut
  (cut-cut-cut  cutting)
cut down 砍伐（树木）；削减（数字、数量等）   They’ve cut down too many trees.          
You should cut down your composition within 500 words. 你应该把作文的字数减少至500字以内。                                      
21. during the Spring Festival month
   during the Christmas season
   at Spring Festival/ Christmas
   on the first day of the Spring Festival
   on Christmas Day/Eve
22.You can’t be serious. 你不可能当真的吧。
=You must be joking/kidding.
Take it easy./ Don’t worry. There’s nothing serious with your neck.别担心/紧张，脖子没什么大碍。
The situation is becoming serious.
She is serious with her work.她对工作很认真。
He is seriously/badly hurt. Bad luck!
23. celebrate  vt. 庆祝
They had a big party to celebrate his birthday.
Grammar:
must 的用法
1) 表示主观的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，意思为 “必须……，得……，要……”；由must引起的疑问句，肯定回答要用must，否定回答要用needn’t，意思是“不必”；must的否定形式mustn’t表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许”。
—Must I finish the task right now?
—No, you needn’t.
You mustn’t come here without permission.
没有允许你不准来这。
2) 表示肯定的猜测，常用于肯定句中，意为 “一定是，必然……”。
Your sister must be a doctor in this hospital.
He must be reading newspapers in the reading room now.（正在进行的猜测）
have to 与must的区别
两者都表示“必须”，但must侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事；have to侧重于客观需要，含有“不得不，被迫”之意。
All passengers must wear seat belts. 系安全带
My bike was broken yesterday, so I had to walk to school.
can 的用法
can的否定形式为cannot，缩写为can\’t。
1) 表示能力
I can’t swim.        Can you drive？
注意：can表示能力可与be able to互换使用，且后者有更多的时态，be able to常被用来表示can所不能表示的将来或完成的概念。
They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.
2) 表示可能性，意思是：可以，可能。
That big cinema can seat/hold 2,000 people.           He can be very friendly at times.
他有时可能非常友善。
3) 表示允诺，意思是：可以，能够,相当于may。
 You can read the book when I have finished it.
 Can I have a look at your pen?
4) 表示惊异、不相信、猜测等（用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句中），意思是:会，可能。
This can’t be true. 这不可能是真的。
-Can it be Mr Wang?
-No, it can’t be him because he has gone abroad.  need的用法
need作为情态动词表示“需要”，一般用于否定句和疑问句。否定形式needn’t比较常用，表示“不需要”，或“不必要”。例如：
You needn’t be so rude.
need也可以作为行为动词，表示“需要”，sb. need to do sth. ; sb. need sb./sth.; sth. need doing = sth. need to be done
I need to brush my teeth immediately.
She needed some help with her broken bike.
Her bike needs repairing. 修理
= Her bike needs to be repaired.

Unit2 In England, you usually drink tea with milk.
1. It’s good/bad manners to do sth.
 =It’s polite/impolite/rude (of sb.) to do sth.
It’s good manners to offer your seat to the old on the bus. 在公交车上让座是有礼貌的。
It’s bad manners to spit in public.在公共场合下随地吐痰是不文明的。
2. experience  n. 经历【C】；经验【U】vt.
I’d like to share my wonderful experiences in Shanghai Happy Valley with you.我想要和你一起分享我在上海欢乐谷的美妙经历。
Ms Gu is a good teacher with much experience.
Ms Gu是一位经验丰富的好老师。
She is an experienced teacher.
experienced  adj. 经验丰富的
Have you ever experienced the way of life in England?(现在完成时的一般疑问句, experience vt.)
3. stay  n.& v.   stays  staying  stayed
enjoy my stay
  during my stay in Rome在罗马短暂停留期间
  stay at home/in bed
stay above/below zero degree
4. notice vt. & n. 注意到；通知，布告
notice sth./sb
notice sb. do/doing sth.
(1) Did you notice the difference(s) between the words “quite” and “quiet”?
(2)I often notice him offer to empty the trash for the class. 我经常注意到他主动为班级到垃圾。
(3)I noticed him copying others’ homework just now.
5. for the first time
1)For the first time in his life he felt truly happy.
2)You should shake hands with them when you meet them for the first time.
( shake-shook-shaken  shaking)  
6. 区分know与get to know  (know-knew-known)
know：认识，了解，强调一个事实状态； get to know：逐渐(开始)了解，强调一个过程和动作
We have known each other since we came here.
We got to know each other when we came here.
7.When you are talking to your friends, you may call them by their first/given name.
You can use first name with/for your friend.
你可以直呼你朋友的名字。
family name 姓
8. Afternoon tea is not just a drink but a light meal at around 4 pm. 不仅仅是…而且是
Ms Gu is not just an English teacher but a good mother of ours.顾老师不仅仅是位英语老师，而且还是我们的好妈妈。
9. Fish and chips is traditional food in England, just like French fries in America.
You can buy and eat it in fish and chip shops on the high street (在繁华的商业大街), or you can take it away and eat with your fingers.
10. At the bus stop, you mustn’t push your way onto the bus. You need to stand in (a) line and wait(for) your turn.
It’s one’s turn to do sth.
It’s your turn to clean the blackboard.
11. get on/ get off the bus/train
   get into/out of the car
12. 英语的惯用表达法
动词+sb.+介词+the+人体的某个部位
catch/pull sb. by the arm/ nose
touch/ pat（拍） sb. on the shoulder
kick/bite sb. in the leg
hit sb. in the face / back/ chest
hit sb. on the head/ nose/ jaw（下巴）
面积大的，会凹陷的部位，用in;
面积小的，较硬的突出的地方用on
13.Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the dinner party.
Peter, you should behave like a gentleman.
gentle  adj. 轻轻的, 温柔的  gentlely  adv.
She said in a gentle voice.=She said gentlely.
14. smile politely
It’s polite of sb. to do sth.
14. Here is some advice for visitors to Britain.    advise sb. to do sth.
15. Remember to drive on the left-hand side of the road in Hong Kong.
16.speak to old people     the old  老年人    the elder 长辈们
16. wash up=do some washing
   clean up = do some cleaning
   eat up the food= finish eating all the food
   listen up 仔细听  
17. It’s dangerous for teenagers to stay out alone at night.
18. home/family rules 家规
19. It’s bad for our health to stay up late in the evening.晚上熬夜对我们的健康不利。
20. drink tea with milk                   
 We prefer Chinese tea with nothing else in it.
中国清茶    
green/black/flower tea 绿茶、红茶、花茶  
21. In the south of China, we usually eat noodles on the birthday because it means a long life.